10/09/2026
I had a great time preparing for and delivering my talk on chocolate and Exeter’s colonial history for the Exeter Historical Society. I think people were surprised by how much time we spent talking about the era instead of just chocolate as a colonial beverage. I hope I was able to share a lot of food for thought, and a fresh perspective on what was happening in global trade, fashion, and the American revolutionary movement during Martha and George’s lifetime.
It’s impossible to talk about the history of chocolate without doing a deep dive into sugar, slavery, colonialism, and plantations that rely on “free labor by un-free people” as it was termed by Cornell anthropology professor Alex Nading in this podcast about sugar:
https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-chocolate-conservatory/id1878720693?i=1000767965679
Take a listen to get a fantastic overview of the intersection of public health, climate change, contemporary plantation labor issues in the sugar (and cacao) industries.
For anyone who wishes to recreate my interpretation of drinking chocolate as it was likely by residents of Exeter in the late 1700s, my favorite spice blend to use for this is the “Pie Spice” blend sold at Stock and Spice in Portsmouth NH.
Here is my recipe:
Colonial Sipping Chocolate Recipe
1 cup water
5 ounces unsweetened chocolate, chopped (use one of Enna’s single origin chocolates)
Spices to taste (cinnamon, nutmeg, allspice, chili, anise, vanilla)*
¼ cup sugar, or more as needed
1 cup water, milk, w**e, or brandy
Directions
1. In the top of a double boiler, heat the water until very warm. Gradually add the chocolate, stirring constantly until
melted. Blend in the sugar and spices, and continue to stir until thoroughly dissolved. Add remaining liquid, and
Bring to your preferred serving temperature, stirring to blend.
2. Use an electric whisk or immersion blender to froth the chocolate. Pour into a pitcher for sharing or directly into demitasse cups, and
spoon the froth on top.
3. Add more sweetener to taste, whipped heavy cream too if you like.
Serves 5
* Enna uses the “Pie Spice Blendˮ,
from Stock and Spice in Portsmouth.
Podcast Episode · The Chocolate Conservatory · May 15 · 1h