01/20/2022
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Eros – from the ancient Greek ἔρως – meaning “love” or “desire” (in a s*xual or passionate way).
Classical Greek mythology, the god of love and s*x, Eros, was the love child of Aphrodite, goddess of love, beauty, passion and procreation, and Ares, the infamous god of war. Eros was one of the Erotes, or “Aphrodite’s retinue”, a group of winged gods associated with love and s*xual desire, often depicted as youthful, mischievous nudes.
In ancient art, Eros is often seen carrying a bow and arrow, firing his darts (“love’s arrows”) at unsuspecting mortals. He is also seen playing a small lyre or flute, serenading young lovers, and accompanied by bouquets of roses, the ancient Greek symbol of secrecy and virginity.
When it comes to eros as a word, it is worth noting that it refers only to a specific type of love. Indeed, the ancient Greeks had no fewer than six terms to describe love.
Besides eros, these included: storge (στοργή), meaning familial love; agape (ἀγάπη) for brotherly love; philautia (φιλαυτία), literally “self-love”; and xenia (ξενία) for “guest-friendship”, rooted in the sacred ritual of hospitality and later adapted to mean “love of foreigners”; and philia (φιλία) for affection or friendship, usually between equals.
The ancient Spartans, feared warriors, would offer sacrifices to the god Eros before going to war, believing that victory depended on their close bonds of friendship, standing shoulder-to-shoulder in the line of battle. (texted edited from -is check them out, great suggestions for your next trip to Greece!)
A red-figure plate with Eros as a youth making an offering (c. 340–320 BC). Walters Art Museum, Baltimore
© By Ascoli Satriano Painter - Walters Art Museum (Public Domain) https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18791389