04/13/2025
DID YOU KNOW THIS!??
New research: an Indo-European language family was born in the South Caucasus.
This new research has radically changed opinions that have been established over the years. A study published in the journal Science in early 2024 has provided evidence that the region of the Lesser Caucasus, which includes modern Armenia, Azerbaijan, eastern Turkey and southern Georgia.
The study used a combination of linguistic data, archaeological finds and ancient DNA.
DNA analysis showed that some people who lived in this region in the X century BC. э. In the 4th - 3rd millennium b o n. э. they were genetically and culturally close to a people that later spread across the vast Indo-European-language area.
Through lexical reconstruction, linguists have suggested that the metallexic elements of the pro-Indo-European languages (PIEs) more corresponded to the lifestyle of ancient farmers living south of the Caucasus than the lifestyle of steppe nomads.
The region south of the Caucasus is one of the world’s oldest cultural centers, where frequent movement of people, mixing of languages and cultural exchange was observed.
Georgian linguist Tamaz Gamkrelidze was one of the few researchers who, back in the 1980s and 1990s, supported the theory that the homeland of the pro-Indo-European language were the Armenian Highlands, South Caucasus and Northern Mesopotamia.
His main arguments are presented in the article:
“The early history of Indo-European languages”, published in Scientific American magazine (1990).
This study resulted in his joint work with Vyacheslav Ivanov.
The main states of the Gamkrelidze-Ivanov theory:
Anti-Indo-European Indo-European culture spread from south to north, and not the other way around, as the mound hypothesis suggests.
At the lexical level, there are many words reflecting mountain and agricultural culture, which corresponds more to the natural environment of the Caucasus region.
They also believe that the proximity to the Semitic languages had a significant influence on the formation of the proto-Indo-European language, which was possible only in the South Caucasus and Northern Mesopotamia.
New genetic and archaeological studies, unveiled in 2024, coincide with Gamkrelidze’s vision—a prediction made nearly 35 years ago, can now be backed by numerous evidence.
August Schleicher, one of the pioneers of Indo-European research, was the first scientist to introduce the structure of the language development tree (Schleicher tree) and formulated a serious theory of the origin of the pro-Indo-European language.
Schleicher’s vision:
According to Schleicher, the Armenian language was unique among the Indo-European languages - so much so that he considered it a kind of “root branch” from which other languages responded.
This was said before comparative linguistics became fully developed and the proto-Indo-European language could be reconstructed in detail, but Schleicher’s intuition was strikingly close to what genetics and archaeology now confirm: the Armenian Highlands and the South Caucasus could indeed have been the cradle of Indo-European languages.
We already have biological, genetic and archaeological arguments that agree with Tamaz Gamkrelidze, August Schleicher and others claimed: the cradle of Indo-European languages should be sought in the South Caucasus and the Armenian Highlands.