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It's late September and a handful of trees sprouting wild berries are the last signs of life on Maakalla, a lonely islan...
07/01/2024

It's late September and a handful of trees sprouting wild berries are the last signs of life on Maakalla, a lonely island cast 18km off Finland's western coast in Bothnian Bay. When winter comes in a few days' time, they will be buried under a veil of white snow. But right now, the sky is the spent blue of a retreating summer, glinting off the roofs of the empty wooden cabins that dot the 20-hectare island. "I believe we're the only ones here," whispers Martta Tervonen, my guide for the day.
With a playlist of crashing waves on loop, Tervonen and I stroll across the island's stony pathways. "You know, when the island was discovered [by fishermen and seal hunters in the 15th Century], it was only 9mm above the water's surface," explains Matti Hautala, the boat captain who ferried us here from Keskuskari harbour on the mainland. Everything around me was once submerged under water, but each year since the weight of Ice Age glaciers that once covered this area melted more than 10,000 years ago, the land holding Bothnian Bay continues to slowly rise – a phenomenon known as glacio-isostatic uplift. Today, the island is more than 5m above sea level.

Another significant impact of climate change, which is very challenging to control, is the exponential growth of invasiv...
06/11/2024

Another significant impact of climate change, which is very challenging to control, is the exponential growth of invasive water hyacinths, according to Sherrilyn Vasquez, the protected area superintendent of Agusan Marsh. "The impact has been severe to the community. It has been a blockage to the water days," she says. "Sometimes it's been difficult to travel by boat going there, and the communities themselves are struggling, especially the indigenous people. It affects their everyday fishing." The villagers are sometimes forced to relocate to a different part of the lake due to the encroachment. The community has adapted by dragging their floating houses to new locations, using ropes.

In 2023, Dearborn became the first Arab-majority city in the US. The 110,000-person city is home to both the Arab Americ...
05/02/2024

In 2023, Dearborn became the first Arab-majority city in the US. The 110,000-person city is home to both the Arab American National Museum and the largest mosque in North America. It's one of the few US cities whose mayor is both Muslim and Arab, the first US city to make Eid a paid holiday for city employees and one of only a handful of places in the country where the Islamic adhan (call to prayer) is allowed to be broadcast from a mosque's loudspeakers. It is, as one local told me, "the motherland away from the motherland".

Today, it offers travellers an enticing opportunity to eat their way through the Middle East, so to speak, while exploring how Arab Americans have shaped the city – and the nation.

For decades, philosophers have debated the borders of personhood: where does our mind end, and the external world begin?...
04/18/2024

For decades, philosophers have debated the borders of personhood: where does our mind end, and the external world begin? On a simple level, you might assume that our minds rest within our brains and bodies. However, some philosophers have proposed that it's more complicated than that.

In 1998, the philosophers David Chalmers and Andy Clarke presented the "extended mind" hypothesis, suggesting that technology could become part of us. In philosophical language, the pair proposed an active externalism, a view in which humans can delegate facets of their thought processes to external artefacts, thereby integrating these artefacts into the human mind itself. This was before the smartphone, but it predicted the way that we now offload cognitive tasks to our devices, from wayfinding to memory.

A riverside park is set to undergo changes to make it more welcoming for people and wildlife.The proposed improvements t...
04/08/2024

A riverside park is set to undergo changes to make it more welcoming for people and wildlife.

The proposed improvements to the Staddlestones Riverside Park in Midsomer Norton, Somerset, are part of the Somer Valley Rediscovered project.

In a public consultation, additional seating and planting trees and meadows were ranked among the most important improvements.

The scheme aims to improve accessibility and biodiversity.

The consultation by Bath and North East Somerset Council (BANES) in May 2023 asked the local community to comment on the development and longer-term management of the park.

Mothogaathobogwe grew up in the small village of Boro on the southern fringes of the Okavango Delta. Like many polers, s...
04/04/2024

Mothogaathobogwe grew up in the small village of Boro on the southern fringes of the Okavango Delta. Like many polers, she first learnt to steer a mokoro when she was just a child, as this was the only means of transport for her community. And as she takes up the mantle of what male tour guides have been doing for decades, Mothogaathobogwe describes her new career with a sense of pride.

"It is very interesting and special because you act like you are an ambassador of your state, sharing knowledge and culture with the tourists. And also, you tend to use your five senses without any disturbance because it is very quiet."

Few people are as familiar with Etna's rarely traversed unmarked slopes as Martis, who has guided skiers up and down Etn...
03/25/2024

Few people are as familiar with Etna's rarely traversed unmarked slopes as Martis, who has guided skiers up and down Etna for more than a decade. He recommended we head to the Valle del Bove, an immense amphitheatre on Etna's eastern flank hemmed in by 1,000m rock walls whose steep slopes of light, powdery snow are perfect for ski mountaineering. "After traversing the Valle del Bove, you can ascend a slope to Etna's summit. The views of the volcano crater are spectacular," Martis said.

Local skiing enthusiast Salvatore Rizzo joined Cobo, Martis and I for the adventure. We drove a short distance from the B&B to where the snowline in the Valle del Bove started. We then assembled our ski-touring equipment: thin, lightweight skis and synthetic "skins" that attach to the base of the ski and provide grip for skiing uphill. We also carried an avalanche transceiver, although Martis assured us that we wouldn't need to use it.

This theory, however, doesn't explain all the peculiar patterns the researchers observed during their field and lab work...
03/01/2024

This theory, however, doesn't explain all the peculiar patterns the researchers observed during their field and lab work. Aside from orbiting, Fabian says they witnessed stalling (where an insect appears to fly straight up around the side of the light, then loses momentum and falls back down as if it were a pendulum), and flying directly over the light while inverted.

That last behaviour is why Fabian and Sondhi consider flood lights to be the worst light pollution offenders – the beams of light that fill a large area cause insects to flip upside down abruptly, leading to a lot of catastrophic crash landings. (Read more about how light pollution affects plants' senses).

By the 8th Century, the region had converted to Islam, and elaborate madrassas and mosques paid for by mercantile wealth...
12/11/2023

By the 8th Century, the region had converted to Islam, and elaborate madrassas and mosques paid for by mercantile wealth began to adorn the cities. Bukhara became known as an important centre for learning, with intellectuals from all across the Muslim world gathering to share ideas.

It is against this backdrop that Uzbekistan’s contemporary cuisine began forming. The cooking was influenced by traders and conquerors from all over the world, resulting in a unique fare. Even today, the influence of Turkic, Kazakh, Uyghur, Mongolian and many other cultures can be seen in Uzbekistan’s “national dishes”.

Regional Indigenous communities likely knew of the paleoburrows' existence before they were scientifically identified, e...
12/04/2023

Regional Indigenous communities likely knew of the paleoburrows' existence before they were scientifically identified, evidenced by the tunnels featured in their oral stories. The Kaingang people, who come from Rio Grande do Sul, tell of a legend that a giant flood forced their ancestral fathers to swim to the hilly peaks where they eventually dug their way through the mountains for shelter. Other tales from the Kaingang suggest they knew the burrows were made by megafauna. A folktale for children involves the story of a family that descended into a hole made by an armadillo to enjoy the abundance of food there, only to have their rope cut by a "white man" (a native name for a non-Indigenous person) who took over the land while they remained underground.

In 2015, the seven-mile entrance to the park was renamed Sir Lancelot Jones Way, thanks in part to the efforts of the ou...
11/10/2023

In 2015, the seven-mile entrance to the park was renamed Sir Lancelot Jones Way, thanks in part to the efforts of the outdoor and environmental mentorship programme The Mahogany Youth, which works to connect mainly Black children with nature. The second Monday of October has even been declared Sir Lancelot Jones Day in Florida. Currently there are eco-kayak tours around Jones Lagoon, a scenic shallow-water lagoon likely named after the Jones family, and the park is working on ways to open up what's left of the Jones homesite to visitors.

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