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23/03/2024

The distinctive features of the Indus civilization are cities built of brick, a highly developed sewer system and multi-story buildings. The major urban centers were Harappa and Mohenjo-daro, as well as Dholavira, Gunveriwal, Lothal, Kalibangan and Rakhigarhi. As a result of the drying up of the Saraswati River and the change in the course of the Indus River, major geological and climatic changes occurred that led to the loss of forests and desertification of the region. These factors caused the decline and disappearance of the Indus civilization[28].

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23/03/2024

The Bronze Age began in the Indian subcontinent around 3300 BC. e. with the advent of the Indus Valley Civilization. A characteristic feature of this period is the widespread development of metallurgy, with the smelting of copper, bronze, lead and tin. The heyday of the Indus civilization occurred from 2600 to 1900 BC. e. At this time, cities appeared on the Indian subcontinent and monumental construction began. This ancient civilization was formed in the Indus River valley, spreading to the Ghaggar-Hakra River valley (identified by most scientists with the Vedic Saraswati River)[20], the Ganga-Yamuna interfluve[26], Gujarat[27] and northern Afghanistan[25].

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23/03/2024

The oldest archaeological site dating back to the ancient Paleolithic period is the Soan River valley in Pakistan[22]. The first village settlements appeared in the Neolithic era in Mehrgarh[23], and the first cities of the region - in the Indus River valley[24], the main ones being Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa

23/03/2024

Cambay in the state of Gujarat. Evidence of Neolithic culture, which dates back to the 7th millennium BC. BC, were also discovered at a site in Mehrgarh in the modern Pakistani province of Balochistan[18]. Late Neolithic archaeological cultures flourished in the Indus River valley between 6000 and 2000 BC. e. and in South India - between 2800 and 1200 BC. e. Historically, the region was home to some of South Asia's oldest settlements[19] and its largest civilizations

23/03/2024

Homo erectus remains discovered at Hatnore in the Narmada Valley indicate that India was inhabited at least from the Middle Pleistocene era, approximately 200,000–500,000 years ago.[16][17] The Mesolithic era began in the Indian subcontinent approximately 30,000 years ago and lasted for approximately 25,000 years. The first known permanent settlements arose 9,000 years ago in Bhimbetka, in the state of Madhya Pradesh. The earliest traces of Neolithic culture, according to radiocarbon dating, date back to the middle of the 8th millennium BC. BC, were found at the bottom of the Gulf of

23/03/2024

India is a nuclear-armed space power. It is a member of such international organizations as the UN, G20, WTO, South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, Commonwealth of Nations, as well as BRICS and SCO.
In 2020, India was not among the top 20 countries in terms of R&D expenditure (PPP)[10]. In 2022, India, ahead of Russia, rose to 40th place in the Global Innovation Index ranking. Four Indian cities were included in the Top 100 science and technology clusters in the world, namely Bangalore, Delhi, Mumbai and Chennai

23/03/2024

The Indian subcontinent is home to the ancient Indus civilization. For most of its history, India was the center of important trade routes and was famous for its wealth and high culture. Religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism and Jainism originated in India. In the first millennium AD, Christianity and Islam also came to the Indian subcontinent, having a significant influence on the development of the diverse culture of the region. In the 18th - first half of the 19th centuries, India was gradually colonized by the British Empire. In 1947, after many years of struggle, the country gained independence. By the end of the 20th century, India achieved great success in economic and military development; the country's economy became one of the fastest growing in the world. Despite this, a significant part of the population continues to live below the poverty line. High levels of corruption and a backward health care system are also pressing problems.

23/03/2024

India borders Pakistan in the west, China, Nepal and Bhutan in the northeast, and Bangladesh and Myanmar in the east. In addition, India shares maritime borders with the Maldives in the southwest, Sri Lanka in the south, and Indonesia in the southeast.[8] The disputed territory of Ladakh shares a border with Afghanistan[9].Go to the “ location” section

23/03/2024

The Constitution of India defines 21 official languages, which are spoken by a significant part of the population or which have classical status. Go to the “ ” section
Federal state, parliamentary republic. Prime Minister - Narendra Modi, President - Draupadi Murmu. Go to section " " Divided into 28 states and 8 union territories. Go to section " divisions"

23/03/2024

India (Hindi भारत, English India), official name - Republic of India (Hindi भारत गणराज्य Bhārat Gaṇarājya, English Republic of India) is an independent state in South Asia. The population at the beginning of 2023 was 1.41 billion people[7], the territory was 3,287,263 km²[2], by both of these indicators it is the largest country in South Asia. It ranks first in the world in terms of population Go to the section “ , settlement” and seventh in territory. Go to the section “ location” Along with Egypt and China, it is the birthplace of one of the most ancient civilizations in human history. In the past, it was one of the most important colonial provinces of the British Empire.