26/03/2018
NHỮNG CẤU TRÚC SO SÁNH PHẢI BIẾT TRONG WRITING TASK 1
1. So sánh hơn “Adj-er/more”, hoặc kém “less/fewer”
a) Adjective + -er + than
Với các tính từ có 1 âm tiết thì các bạn nhớ dùng cấu trúc này nhé:
Car prices are lower in 2018 than 2017
b) More … than
Sử dụng trong câu overview với danh từ:
It is clear that Malaysian families spent more money on accommodation than any other goods and services.
Trong một câu miêu tả số liệu chi tiết với tính từ:
In 2001, the TV was more popular among males than females, with 50% compared to 10%.
c. Less/fewer … than
• It is noticeable that fewer mobile phones was used by males than females.
2. Sử dụng trạng từ trong các cấu trúc so sánh
slightly/marginally/fractionally more/less…than….: nếu sự khác biệt là nhỏ
considerably/ significantly more/less/fewer….than….: nếu sự khác biệt là đáng kể.
• It is clear that British people spent significantly more money than people in the other three countries on all six goods.
• Americans are projected to eat slightly less meat in 2012 than they did in 2007.
Ngoài ra, còn có thể dùng: “far/much” nếu sự khác biệt là nhỏ
“a little/a bit” nếu sự khác biệt là đáng kể.
• It is clear that British people spent far more money than people in the other three countries on all six goods.
• Americans are projected to eat much less meat in 2012 than they did in 2007.
3. So sánh nhất với “most” hoặc “least/fewest”
“The most/least/fewest + Adj/Noun”
• Washing machines were the most common item, with 66% of households owning one in 1972.
• The most popular form of communication was the Internet, at 66%.
4. Cấu trúc so sánh với từ “similar” hoặc “same” hoặc “the same as…as”
Đừng quên rằng một vài số liệu mà bạn sẽ có thể giống nhau hoặc xấp xỉ bằng nhau. Hãy sử dụng những cấu trúc so sánh sau nhé:s
a. “Similar”
• In terms of food, the figures for both nations were similar, at 24% and 25% for USA and UK respectively.
b. “Same”
• By contrast, Germans were the lowest overall spenders, with roughly the same figures, just under £150,000, for each of the six products
c. “the same as ….as”
• The permanent exhibition space in the redeveloped gallery will be about the same as large as it is now.
d. “as many…as”
Nearly as many women as man chose to use email in the business communication.
5. So sánh “gấp/kém” bao nhiêu lần
Các bạn hãy sử dụng các từ như: “Double, twice as, twofold, threefold, half…” để sử dụng trong cấu trúc so sánh gấp hoặc kém bao nhiêu lần.
a. ‘double’ (verb)
The number of unemployed people doubled between 2005 and 2009.
b. ‘twice as…as/compared to’, ‘three times as…as/compared to’
There were twice as many unemployed people in 2009 as in 2005.
Twice as many people were unemployed in 2009 compared to 2005.
c. ‘twofold’, ‘threefold’ (adjective or adverb)
- Twofold với chức năng là tính từ:
There was a twofold increase in the number of unemployed people between 2005 and 2009. (adjective with the noun ‘increase’)
- Twofold với chức năng là trạng từ:
The number of unemployed people increased twofold between 2005 and 2009. (adverb with the verb ‘increase’)
d. Half
Half the number of people chose to use gas as electricity.
Electricity was half as popular as gas for cooking.
6. So sánh với differ/different/difference
Các cấu trúc so sánh sử dụng các từ này có nghĩa là khác nhau, tức là cũng mang nghĩa trái ngược, giống với mục 8, tuy nhiên việc sử dụng các từ này trong bài giúp các em được đánh giá là có sử dụng cấu trúc đa dạng hơn, từ vựng phong phú hơn và sẽ đạt điểm cao hơn.
• The amount of time spent at home differed by almost 25% according to gender.
• While the totals for both countries were similar, there were big differences in the fuel sources used.
• The main difference between the two sites is that S1 is outside the town, whereas S2 is in the town centre.
• This figure was very different among males, only half of whom watched television.
7. So sánh giữa các câu
Để so sánh giữa hai câu cách tốt nhất đó là sử dụng từ mang tính đối lập đứng ở đầu câu thứ 2.
a. However/ On the other hand:
The percentage of white car is highest, with 56%. However, only 13% of car drivers think that red ones are the best option.
b. In contrast:
The number of Japanese tourists who travelled abroad increased dramatically from just under 5 million to around 15 million between 1985 and 1995, a rise of about 10 million in 10 years. In contrast, the number of Australians who visited other countries remained stable, at just over 7 million, and the figure for Canada fell slightly, from 6 million travellers in 1985 to 5.5 million in 1995.
c. By contrast:
Coal was used to produce 50 of the total 100 units of electricity in Australia in 1980, rising to 130 out of 170 units in 2000. By contrast, nuclear power became the most important fuel source in France in 2000, producing almost 75% of the country’s electricity. (Simon band 9)
8. So sánh trong một câu:
a. whereas
Whereas the majority of girls took part in swimming, only 5% of boys do so in their leisure time.
b. while
There are 5 million smokers in the UK, while only 2 million Canadians and 1 million Australians smoke.
c. although
Between 1990 and 2000, the number of smokers in the UK decreased dramatically, although the figures for Canada and Australia remained the same.
d. but
From 1999 to 2004, the immigration rate in the USA soared by nearly 150,000 people, but there was a much smaller rise in emigration
e. compared to/with –in/by comparison with
Around 40% of women in the UK had an undergraduate qualification in 1999, compared to 37% of men.
Overall, a much larger percentage of Canadians and Americans had access to the Internet in comparison with Mexicans, and Canada experienced the fastest growth in Internet usage.
