08/27/2020
Pause that Fire - Why Native Thicket Species Form Thickets -
PawPaw has an amazing ability to colonize through root suckering. The pictured PawPaw sprout is 27 feet from the mature Pawpaw tree in the background showing the extent and intent of the PawPaw's root system. Mowing can suppress it's suckering nature, but naturally these thicket species would spread as far as surrounding conditions would allow as the sprouts aren't very susceptible to browse by elk, deer, bison, nor groundhog grazing to slow the suckering.
Thicket species such as Native Plum, PawPaw, Hazelnut, Gray and Roughleaf dogwood, and Sumac have evolved an adaptation to fire. Instead of investing energy into creating fire tolerant bark like Bur Oak or certain Pine species, their intent is to create a thicket wide enough to suppress the herbaceous layer that fuels wildfires. The leaf litter of most native thicket species decays quickly preventing that form of fuel from carrying fire through the thicket. Occasional fire keeps the thicket element of Grasslands and Savannas in balance by burning back the edges of the thickets where the herbaceous layer's fuel is still heavy enough to top-kill the suckers.
Modern day land management methods most often attempt to exclude all native thicket growth from their own ecosystem within which they evolved (Grasslands and Savannas), with unnatural annual prescribed fires and targeted herbicide applications on native thicket species. In addition to eradicating them, most often, grassland/prairie plantings aren't planted with their thicket species - at all as a part of modern prairie restoration/reconstruction work.
Native Thickets can and will withstand fire within grassland plantings and restorations, but only once they can be allowed to mature to the point that can make an island-like thicket dense enough to prevent fire from sweeping through the inside thicket. A few native grassland and savanna thicket species are: Native Plums, Native Hazelnuts, Wafer Ash, Roughleaf Dogwood, Gray Dogwood, Prickly Ash, Hawthorn species, Eastern Wahoo, Sweet Crabapple, Prairie Crabapple, Sumac species, Carolina Buckthorn, Lanceleaf Buckthorn, and Ninebark.
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